The Système de Production d’Ions Radioactifs en Ligne de 2e generation (SPIRAL2) is part of the GANIL infrastructure, which is the largest research infrastructure in Normandy (Caen, France), and the only ESFRI landmark related to physics with Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) in France. SPIRAL2 is a new facility aiming to extend significantly the present possibilities of RIB physics and related applications. The study of the properties of nuclei forming these beams or their interactions with stable nuclei is a major field of contemporary nuclear physics, astrophysics and interdisciplinary research. Novel research in nuclear physics at the limits of stability will be covered at SPIRAL2, including the study of nuclear structure in nuclei with extreme nucleon composition and the study of very heavy elements, as well as the investigation the astrophysical processes. Further inter and multi-disciplinary research areas are material sciences, radiobiology, research for hadron and isotope therapy, energy, environment, health, engineering, space, ICT.
The SPIRAL2 project is based on a multi-beam driver in order to allow both ISOL and low energy in-flight techniques to produce RIB. This driver is a superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC), designed to deliver 5 mA deuterons up to 40 MeV and 1 mA heavy ions up to 14.5 MeV/u. It was commissioned in 2019 and is delivering science since 2020 as a scientific and technologic complement to the existing infrastructure. Approved in 2020, the construction of a new injector of the SPIRAL2 LINAC, called NEWGAIN, will expand the range of available high-intensity beams up to Uranium. SPIRAL2 also comprises three experimental areas, each of them dedicated to specific research communities. The Neutron for Science hall (NFS) hosts since 2021 various types of experiments using high flux of fast neutrons produced by light ion beams. The Super Separator Spectrometer, S3, will allow experiments with very high intensity beams of heavy-ions. The commissioning of S3 is planned to start in 2025. Finally the DESIR hall (Decay, Excitation, and Storage of Radioactive Ions), presently under construction, will be dedicated to experiments with low-energy exotic nuclei produced in-flight at S3 and by ISOL method with the upgraded SPIRAL1 facility.
The RIB production building (Phase 2 of SPIRAL2) planned to produce RIB with an intensity that exceed by factor of 10 to 100 intensities available today worldwide was postponed "sine die" due to financial constraints in 2013. An expert committee mandated by GANIL-SPIRAL2 funding agencies strongly recommended in 2022 to construct a revised version of this production building and to upgrade the existing CIME cyclotron for post acceleration of RIB in the SPIRAL2 facility. LINAC beams would thus be used for the production of intense RIB by several reaction mechanisms (fusion, fission, transfer, etc.) and technical methods (ISOL, IGISOL, recoil spectrometers, etc.) and the post-accelerated RIB could reach a unique energy range of 100 MeV/nucleon. On a longer term, the construction of an electron accelerator (either synchrotron or ERL) is recommended to perform electron-RIB scattering experiments.